Liaoning, Wade-Giles romanization Liao-ning, sheng (province) in the Northeast region of China (formerly called Manchuria). It is bounded to the northeast by the province of Jilin, to the east by North Korea, to the south by the Yellow Sea, to the southwest by the province of Hebei, and to the northwest by the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The provincial capital is Shenyang (formerly Mukden), in east-central Liaoning.

Temperature extremes and precipitation amounts vary with proximity to the coast. At Dalian at the southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula, the January mean temperature is 23 °F (−5 °C) and that for July is 74 °F (23 °C); for Shenyang, in central Liaoning, the respective mean temperatures are 10 °F (−12 °C) and 77 °F (25 °C). At Dalian there are about 200 frost-free days, while at Shenyang there are between 160 and 180 frost-free days per year.

Precipitation in Liaoning as a whole diminishes consistently from southeast to northwest. Average annual precipitation is about 2 to 40 inches (50 to 1,000 mm), three-fourths of it falling between June and September and almost none from December through February. The summer rainfall is often torrential, but everywhere the scarcity of spring precipitation tends to leave crops short of water.

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