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Located at the southern foot of Mt. Huangshan, the upper reaches of the Xin'an River,Shexian is an ancient cultural county under the jurisdiction of Huangshan City. It was a cultural center during the Sui (581-618) and Tang dynasties, and became a commercial center during the Ming and Qing dynasties.

As an ancient cultural center , it gave birth to many cultural schools such as the Xin'an School of painting, the Xin'an School of medicine, the Hui School of architecture, and the Hui School of woodblock painting . The Huizhou Study along with the Dunhuang Study, and the Tibetan Study, are reputed as three local studies in China.

Over the centuries, Shexian has given birth to many outstanding figures, including Zhu X i, Jian Jiang , Huang Binhong , and Tao Xingzhi . The area is also famous for three types of ancient constructions : dwellings, archways, and ancestral shrines. The famous scenic spots are Tangyue Memorial Archways, Doushan Street, Xuguo Stone Archy, and Yuliang Dam, etc.